Tag Archives: long non-coding RNA
Featured Long Non-coding RNA - lincRNA-Cox2
An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is central to antimicrobial defenses. Signal-dependent activation of transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators, and chromatin modifying factors collaborate to control this response. Here, researchers from University of Massachusetts Medical School identify a long noncoding RNA that acts as a key regulator of this inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors induce the expression of numerous lncRNAs. One of these, lincRNA-Cox2 mediates both the activation and repression of distinct classes of immune genes. Transcriptional repression of target genes is dependent on interactions of lincRNA-Cox2 with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and A2/B1. Collectively, these studies unveil a central role of lincRNA-Cox2 as a broad acting regulatory component of the circuit that controls the inflammatory response.
- Carpenter S, Atianand M, Aiello D, Ricci EP, Gandhi P, Hall LL, Byron M, Monks B, Henry-Bezy M, Lawrence JB, O’Neill LA, Moore MJ, Caffrey DR, Fitzgerald KA. (2013) A Long Noncoding RNA Mediates Both Activation and Repression of Immune Response Genes. Science [Epub ahead of print]. [abstract]
Incoming search terms:
- long non cording RNA Cox2
A multidimensional platform for the purification of non-coding RNA species
A renewed interest in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has led to the discovery of novel RNA species and post-transcriptional ribonucleoside modifications, and an emerging appreciation for the role of ncRNA in RNA epigenetics. Although much can be learned by amplification-based analysis of ncRNA sequence and quantity, there is a significant need for direct analysis of RNA, which has led to numerous methods for purification of specific ncRNA molecules. However, no single method allows purification of the full range of cellular ncRNA species. To this end, researchers at the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) developed a multidimensional chromatographic platform to resolve, isolate and quantify all canonical ncRNAs in a single sample of cells or tissue, as well as novel ncRNA species. The applicability of the platform is demonstrated in analyses of ncRNA from bacteria, human cells and plasmodium-infected reticulocytes, as well as a viral RNA genome. Among the many potential applications of this platform are a system-level analysis of the dozens of modified ribonucleosides in ncRNA, characterization of novel long ncRNA species, enhanced detection of rare transcript variants and analysis of viral genomes.
Chionh YH, Ho CH, Pruksakorn D, Ramesh Babu I, Ng CS, Hia F, McBee ME, Su D, Pang YL, Gu C, Dong H, Prestwich EG, Shi PY, Preiser PR, Alonso S, Dedon PC. (2013) A multidimensional platform for the purification of non-coding RNA species. Nucleic Acids Res [Epub ahead of print]. [article]
Pseudogene lncRNAs are functional regulators of inflammatory signaling
Pseudogenes are thought to be inactive gene sequences, but recent evidence of extensive pseudogene transcription raised the question of potential function. Here researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine discover and characterize the sets of mouse lncRNAs induced by inflammatory signaling via TNFα. TNFα regulates hundreds of lncRNAs, including 54 pseudogene lncRNAs, several of which show exquisitely selective expression in response to specific cytokines and microbial components in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Lethe, a pseudogene lncRNA, is selectively induced by proinflammatory cytokines via NF-κB or glucocorticoid receptor agonist, and functions in negative feedback signaling to NF-κB. Lethe interacts with NF-κB subunit RelA to inhibit RelA DNA binding and target gene activation. Lethe level decreases with organismal age, a physiological state associated with increased NF-κB activity. These findings suggest that expression of pseudogenes lncRNAs are actively regulated and constitute functional regulators of inflammatory signaling.
- Rapicavoli NA, Qu K, Zhang J, Mikhail M, Laberge RM, Chang HY. (2013) A mammalian pseudogene lncRNA at the interface of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Elife 2, e00762. [article]
lncRNAs and Chromosome Conformation
Large noncoding RNAs can localize to regulatory DNA targets by exploiting the three-dimensional architecture of the genome.
Jesse Engreitz
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Talk at Biology of Genomes 2013
Cold Spring Harbor, NY
May 8, 2024
Nuclear structure, paraspeckles and long non-coding RNA
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
Postgraduate lecture
3 June 2024
Dr Archa Fox
WA Institute for Medical Research